Experiences with the telovelar approach to fourth ventricular tumors in children.

Bilateral telovelar approach: A safe route revisited for resections of various large fourth ventricle tumors

BACKGROUND Tumors located in the posterior fossa and especially in the middle and upper fourth ventricle are comparatively rare and technically very challenging. For some lesions, the telovelar approach has been shown to be a suitable approach. The unilateral approach is sufficient in most cases of small lesions. However, large fourth ventricle tumors are more problematic since they distort the...

Retractless Transvermian versus Telovelar Approach for Excision of Pediatric Fourth Ventricular Tumors: Surgical Technique, Clinical Outcome and Cerebellar Mutism

The Role of telovelar approach in fourth ventricular surgery: a new perspective.

OBJECTIVE Evaluation the efficiency of the telovelar approach for 4th ventricular lesions through identifying and preserving neurovascular structures. METHODS Forty cases of fourth ventricular tumours using the telovelar approach Results: It provides adequate exposure in all cases. The brainstem and posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) were early identified and preserved in all cases. ...

Accessing the recesses of the fourth ventricle: comparison of tonsillar retraction and resection in the telovelar approach.

OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness of the telovelar approach with tonsillar manipulation for approaching the recesses of the fourth ventricle. METHODS A telovelar approach was performed in 8 injected cadaveric heads. Areas of exposure were measured for the superolateral and lateral recesses. Horizontal angles were evaluated by targeting the cerebral aqueduct and medial margin of the later...

Assessment of Children’s Experiences of Playing Computer Games: A Phenomenological Approach

Introduction:  Due to the Attraction and enormous diversity of computer games, children and adolescents allocate a notable part of their time and energy to play these games. This necessitates the study of their Advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, the aim of this study was to represent the outcomes of playing computer games in the fourth grade students. Method: This is a qualitative and phe...